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P-21 is a synthetic peptide known for its regenerative and neuroprotective potential. It is derived from cerebrolysin, a brain-derived peptide mixture, and works by promoting neuronal growth and repair. P-21 enhances the activity of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which supports the survival and function of neurons. UK Researchers suggested that this action makes it promising for applications in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other cognitive disorders [1].
By stimulating cellular repair processes and synaptic plasticity, UK studies indicate that P-21 may aid in improving memory, learning, and overall brain function. Its targeted mechanism positions it as an innovative option for advancing neurological health.
Molecular Formula: C30H54N605
Amino Acids Sequence: DGGL-adamantane-G
Small Molecular Weight: 578.3 g/mol
Buy P-21 Peptide UK Vial here – Available in 2mg or 5mg vials.
P-21 peptide operates through a unique mechanism that highlights its neuroprotective and regenerative properties. Derived from cerebrolysin, P-21 interacts with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical protein for neuronal survival and function. By enhancing BDNF activity, P-21 promotes the growth, repair, and maintenance of neurons. This supports the regeneration of damaged brain cells and helps counteract the effects of neurodegeneration [2].
Additionally, P-21 aids in synaptic plasticity, the brain’s ability to adapt and strengthen connections between neurons. This is crucial for learning, memory, and overall cognitive function. Through cellular repair processes, the peptide works to restore weakened neural networks and maintain brain health [3].
These combined actions make P-21 a promising candidate for addressing neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, as well as improving cognitive outcomes in aging. Its mechanisms position it as an innovative tool for enhancing brain function and resilience [4].
UK Researchers have established that P-21 peptide may have a crucial role in enhancing cognitive function and brain health. Although further research is needed, studies have found that it could have the following potential applications:
Supports neuronal growth and repair
By enhancing BDNF activity, P-21 helps stimulate the growth and maintenance of neurons, aiding in the regeneration of damaged cells. UK Studies have shown that the peptide also promotes synaptic plasticity, which strengthens the connections between neurons and allows the brain to adapt, vital for learning and memory [5]. Furthermore, it activates cellular repair processes, restoring weakened or compromised neural networks.
Enhances synaptic plasticity to improve cognitive function and memory
P-21 peptide enhances synaptic plasticity by strengthening the brain’s ability to adapt and form new neural connections. Its interaction with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in this process, as BDNF supports neuron survival, growth, and communication [5]. P-21 promotes the regeneration of neural pathways and repair of damaged neurons, enabling better connectivity between brain cells. This improved connectivity facilitates the efficient exchange of information, which is vital for learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility.
This process is essential for forming and retaining new information. By interacting with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), P-21 supports neuron survival and growth, boosting cognitive functions. It aids in repairing damaged neurons and strengthening neural networks, ensuring seamless communication between brain cells. This optimized connectivity enhances the brain’s capacity to process and store information effectively [6]. Together, these mechanisms make P-21 a promising tool for improving cognitive performance and addressing memory-related challenges, particularly in aging or neurodegenerative conditions.
Potential treatment option for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurogenerative conditions
P-21 peptide shows potential as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease through its neuroprotective and regenerative properties. By enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activity, it promotes neuronal survival, growth, and repair. This is critical for counteracting the progressive neuronal damage characteristic of Alzheimer’s. P-21 also supports the repair of damaged neurons and neural networks, improving communication between brain cells [7]. Additionally, it strengthens synaptic plasticity, ensuring the brain remains adaptable and capable of learning and memory retention. These multi-faceted mechanisms position P-21 as a promising approach to mitigating cognitive decline and addressing key challenges in Alzheimer’s disease treatment.
Anti-aging skin care
The P-21 peptide, through its role in cellular senescence and tissue regeneration, shows potential for anti-aging applications, including skin health. UK Research indicates that p21 can regulate the presence of senescent cells, which accumulate with age and contribute to tissue aging. By modulating senescent cell viability and promoting their clearance, P-21 may help reduce age-related damage and support tissue repair. Additionally, its ability to influence extracellular matrix components, such as collagen, could enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles [8].
Can P-21 Peptide slow tumour cell growth?
Yes, P-21 peptide has shown potential in slowing tumour cell growth. UK Research indicates that P-21, derived from the C-terminal region of the p21 protein, can inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in cancer cells. It achieves this by targeting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), which are crucial for DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. Studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in human colon cancer cells and lymphoma cells, where it induced cell cycle arrest and necrosis [9].
Are there any severe side effects associated with P-21 peptide?
The available research on P-21 peptide primarily focuses on its therapeutic potential, particularly in cancer treatment, and does not extensively document severe adverse effects. However, like many therapeutic peptides, potential concerns could include:
Further preclinical studies are needed to comprehensively evaluate the safety profile of P-21 peptide.
[1] Rockenstein E, Ubhi K, Doppler E, Novak P, Moessler H, et al. Regional comparison of the neurogenic effects of CNTF-derived peptides and cerebrolysin in AβPP transgenic mice. J Alzheimers Dis. 2011;27(4):743-52.
[2] Dobrigna M, Poëa-Guyon S, Rousseau V, Vincent A, Toutain A, Barnier JV. The molecular basis of p21-activated kinase-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: From genotype to phenotype. Front Neurosci. 2023 Mar 2;17:1123784.
[3] Fuchsova B, Alvarez Juliá A, Rizavi HS, Frasch AC, Pandey GN. Expression of p21-activated kinases 1 and 3 is altered in the brain of subjects with depression. Neuroscience. 2016 Oct 1;333:331-44.
[4] Pütz SM, Kram J, Rauh E, Kaiser S, Toews R, Lueningschroer-Wang Y, Rieger D, Raabe T. Loss of p21-activated kinase Mbt/PAK4 causes Parkinson-like phenotypes in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech. 2021 Jun 1;14(6):dmm047811.
[5] Bathina S, Das UN. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications. Arch Med Sci. 2015 Dec 10;11(6):1164-78.
[6] Bin Li, Lukas Wanka, Julie Blanchard, Fei Liu, Muhammad Omar Chohan, Khalid Iqbal, Inge Grundke-Iqbal, Neurotrophic peptides incorporating adamantane improve learning and memory, promote neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice, FEBS Letters, Volume 584, Issue 15, 2010, Pages 3359-3365.
[7] Zhao L, Ma QL, Calon F, Harris-White ME, Yang F, Lim GP, Morihara T, Ubeda OJ, Ambegaokar S, Hansen JE, Weisbart RH, Teter B, Frautschy SA, Cole GM. Role of p21-activated kinase pathway defects in the cognitive deficits of Alzheimer disease. Nat Neurosci. 2006 Feb;9(2):234-42.
[8] Papismadov N, Gal H, Krizhanovsky V. The anti-aging promise of p21. Cell Cycle. 2017;16(21):1997-1998.
[9] Abbas T, Dutta A. p21 in cancer: intricate networks and multiple activities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009 Jun;9(6):400-14.
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